Challenges and Prospects of Spatial Data Infrastructure for Physical Development Planning in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) plays a pivotal role in land-use planning, infrastructure provision and sustainable urban development. In Lagos State, SDI adoption remains low despite the growing complexity and need of urban data-oriented decision-making. This paper examines the challenges impeding the implementation of SDI and its potential to support physical development planning. The paper adopted a mixed-method design that incorporates qualitative data obtained by use of structured interviews and field observations alongside spatial analysis of eleven development plans, consisting of Master Plans and Model City Plans. Data format, data compatibility, and spatial integrity were assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. The results indicate the existence of a few technical and institutional limitations: ongoing use of AutoCAD instead of GIS-based formats, inconsistent use of coordinate systems, disaggregated spatial data, inadequate GIS capabilities of employees, and ineffective inter-agency collaboration. These issues have compromised effective planning, sharing of information and coordination of different development plans. In spite of these shortcomings, the research reveals an emerging scenario: growing political support for adoption of digital planning tools, expansion of technical capacity within governmental institutions and willingness of planning professionals to utilise spatial technologies. The paper suggests feasible measures such as the creation of centralised cloud-based geospatial database, data format standardisation, use of GIS platforms, institutional framework coordination and improvement of capacity building. The study concludes that Lagos State can enhance its spatial data systems by managing these challenges through institutional reforms and technological investments to facilitate more efficient, inclusive and resilient urban planning. The results are relevant to the wider discussion of sustainable land management and infrastructure governance in African cities.